International Journal of Medical Sciences (IJMS)

One of the biggest causes of vision loss in the globe is diabetic retinopathy (DR), a consequence of diabetes. Despite significant attempts to lower the prevalence of vision impairment, DR continues to grow. There is damage to the vascular endothelial cells as the first pathophysiology of DRcells and a decrease in pericytes. As a result of the hypoxic reactions that follow, vascular endothelialvascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) The most effective treatment available right nowControlling blood sugar levels is the key to preventing diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema (DME). Superior in every way Laser therapy, anti-VEGF therapy, steroid therapy, and vitrectomy are all necessary treatments in these situations. Photocoagulation of the retinal pigment epithelium There is strong evidence that non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is a viable treatment option.results that can be used to keep DR from progressing further. Furthermore, laser therapy has proven to be effective.For example, grid and subthreshold diode laser micropulse photocoagulation (SDM) for DME has been used.reported. In cases of vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment in PDR patients, vitrectomy has been undertaken. There has also been significant interest in the ability of anti-VEGF medication to slow the progression of PDR from DME patients. Even with these therapies, many individuals with DR are still at risk of losing their eyesight and developing potentially dangerous side effects.. In the most advanced stages of DR, laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy are effective treatments for preventing severe vision loss. Both approaches, however, have their limitations. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies shows that targeting renin-angiotensin system inhibition, vascular endothelial growth factor, and renin-angiotensin system blockade can reduce cardiovascular disease risk.the growth hormone, corticosteroids and protein kinase C.DR may be treated with these methodsMethodsThe study between January 2017 and November 2020 total number of patients 2968, Retrospective three year analysis.ResultsIncidence of referable retinopathy was independently associated with known duration of diabetes, age at diagnosis, and use of insulin treatment. For participants needing insulin treatment with a duration of diabetes of 10 years or more, cumulative incidence of referable retinopathy at one and three years was 9.61 and 30.99 per 1000 people, respectively.